Douluo: Peerless Light - Chapter 812
c806 The death of Liu Tiezhu, the undying empire was finally unified [Eight Thousand
In the center of the battlefield, the two of them were just chatting as if no one else was watching.
The conversation was lively, lively and joyful.
“Hey, you don’t know. When you came back to Mingdu to compete, and I saw the two actual battle armors on you and Xiaotong in the audience, I was so excited that I burst into tears.”
“I never thought that I would be able to see my vision come true in my lifetime! This once again inspired my enthusiasm for exploring armor and martial soul amplification.”
“Huh? So it turns out that the one Xiao Tong wears is called the Wuhun Armor? Oh. When you put it like that, it seems that the function is indeed somewhat different. It seems to be more inclined to match the soul guide. The battle armor is more suitable for gathering personal power. ”
“Forging? Don’t mention it. After you left, I spent a lot of effort to achieve Thousand Forgings. It took me several years to achieve Spiritual Forgings, and it was also thanks to the pair of forgings you gave me. hammer.”
“Don’t underestimate me, you! I have barely succeeded in using the metal on the spiritual forging a few times! I made them into soul guides.”
“Don’t tell me, don’t tell me, it’s really powerful. Even if you only use Thousand Forging and Spiritual Forging materials, it’s too easy to make a ninth-level soul guide.”
“So it’s called soul forging above spiritual forging? That’s it, that’s it.”
“What? There is a stronger heavenly forging? Can it create legendary artifacts? Weapons and equipment used by gods? It can even easily create tenth-level soul tools? Really or not, don’t fool me!”
Seeing Liu Tiezhu’s excitement, Qian Chaoguang released the quasi-super-artifact-level black gold battle armor, and took out the top-level super-artifact-level Wushuang sword from his body.
The coercion and spirituality coming from the two bodies deeply fascinated Liu Tiezhu, a tall and mighty man.
Like an old gangster, he obsessed over the blade of the Wushuang Sword and touched every exquisite component of the black gold battle armor, with a look of intoxication on his face.
“It’s like a work of art, deeply mesmerizing.”
Liu Tiezhu’s eyes seemed to be stuck on with strong glue and he couldn’t move.
“It turns out that this is the ultimate art of soul guidance. This is the ultimate skill that I have been pursuing all my life.”
Qian Chaoguang shook his head slightly: “No, this cannot be called ‘ultimate’. The Wushuang Sword and the Black Gold Battle Armor also have room for evolution. What’s more, they are definitely not traditional soul tools.”
“The current peak of pure soul guidance tools is still the Silver Moon God’s Light Shield and the God of Death Tower. The artifacts do not allow soul masters to have the ability to achieve the pseudo-limit Douluo realm with an actual cultivation level of ninety-five. Although the increased combat power will be seen later, It’s almost the same, but there are fundamental differences between the two.”
Liu Tiezhu was stunned for a moment: “Doesn’t Xiaotong’s Zhoutianxingdou floating soul guide cannon array count? If I remember correctly, the floating soul guide cannon should be an exclusive soul guide created by Xiaotong, at least Mingdetang and There is no record in the worship hall, only a similar Eye of Fear.”
Qian Chaoguang replied: “If it were the previous Zhoutian Xingdou Formation, it was indeed the pinnacle of soul guidance devices. But today’s Zhoutian Xingdou Formation, at most, only half can be regarded as soul guidance devices, and the other half uses Other technologies.”
“Is it the one you showed me back then but I completely forgot about it?” Liu Tiezhu suddenly remembered something.
“Yes, that’s it. Magic, alchemy, the Holy Demon Continent, and a cultivation civilization that is completely different from the soul master system. That half-plane is the foundation of the Undead Empire, and it is also the capital of the Undead Empire that you have never found— —The Palace of Eternal Life.”
Qian Chaoguang stretched out his hand, and a golden chain shattered.
There seemed to be a sprout sprouting out of Liu Tiezhu’s soul.
A large number of pictures appeared in the depths of Liu Tiezhu’s soul, bringing back the vague memories that he had been trying to remember over the years.
These scenes are none other than the memories that were erased by the soul oath.
With Qian Chaoguang’s current ability to control the soul, as long as there are some traces left, he can easily trace the source based on these traces and restore the original memory.
What’s more, since he had done it himself back then, it was even easier and faster to recover.
For a time, a large number of memories came to his mind like a flood, and Liu Tiezhu’s face also had a look of surprise and aftertaste.
He looked up what he had seen and heard in the demiplane that year, his eyes filled with memories.
“It turns out that you showed me so many magical things back then. It’s incredible that you already had a primitive charging tower that was more advanced than the light energy conversion device so many years ago.”
“How’s it going? Have you left me now?” Qian Chaoguang said lightly.
“I don’t want to.” Liu Tiezhu chuckled, “You have known for a long time that we are not the same people, so why are you doing this?”
Qian Chaoguang paused and sighed: “You are one of the few true friends I have in this Douluo Continent. How can I accept it without trying a few more times?”
Liu Tiezhu suddenly stood up, patted his shoulder hard with his big hand like a cattail leaf fan, and said seriously:
“Don’t be unwilling. You have always known the result, but you have to lie to yourself. Don’t be like this, just kill me quickly.”
Qian Chaoguang’s soul fluctuated violently, and even his cultivation aura vibrated for a moment.
“Brother Zhu, what are you talking about? This joke is not very funny.”
He forced out a smile, but his voice fell uncontrollably.
“Hey, I’m not teasing you kid.”
Liu Tiezhu hugged his arms and leaned against the barrier of consciousness.
“Since I am standing in the ranks of the resistance, you should know very well that I have already made a decision. We are all people who are about to become the unified emperor. Is it possible that you still want to escape reality? This is not you style.”
Qian Chaoguang took a deep breath and exhaled it slowly, as if to expel all the pent-up feeling in his body.
He felt a little tight in his chest, as if a huge stone had fallen.
“Must it be this way?”
“Aren’t you going to give me this chance?”
Liu Tiezhu blinked innocently and asked.
“In any case, my grandfather died because of you. Even if I don’t have a good relationship with him, given our relationship, you should give me a chance, right?”
Chance?
what chance?
Naturally, this is an opportunity for revenge.
Liu Tiezhu’s life experience is not difficult to guess.
With his unscrupulous style in Mingde Hall, his outstanding talent in scientific research on soul tools, and his huge reputation that made Jing Hongchen helpless and Xuan Ziwen lose his temper.
Apart from being related to Kong Deming, there is really no second possibility.
Not even members of the royal family could be so arrogant, not even the then crown prince Xu Tianran himself.
More important is Liu Tiezhu’s research direction.
How similar is it to Kong Deming?
Kong Deming was studying how to combine the soul guide with himself, so as to achieve an improved state and be promoted to the Ultimate Douluo through external force.
What Liu Tiezhu is studying is how to improve his own combat power without changing his realm, so as to achieve a high-level combat power at a low realm.
Especially after Qian Chaoguang read the technical information compiled by Kong Deming and compared it with Liu Tiezhu’s ideas, he found that the two sides had a lot in common.
As a result, Liu Tiezhu’s life experience is ready to be revealed.
He is Kong Deming’s grandson.
With so many clues here, how could Qian Chaoguang really not be able to detect them?
He just didn’t want to face it.
Liu Tiezhu was both his teacher and friend, so how could he kill him?
After being silent for a long time, Qian Chaoguang finally said: “What if I can resurrect Kong Deming? Can I not die?”
“What did you say?” Liu Tiezhu looked stunned, “Resurrection. My grandpa? Are you talking about the resurrection as I understand it?”
Qian Chaoguang nodded heavily:
“I am the Lord of Light and the God of Immortality. I have already reached the realm in myths and legends and become the god who is immortal and invincible.”
“As the god of light and immortality, my main authority is immortality, and I naturally control death. The underworld is the land of the immortal empire, and it is my land.”
“After Liao Mengkai and Xia Xuanchen died in the battle, I resurrected them both, and they are now serving under me. If you want, you can meet them.”
“Although I made an agreement with Kong Deming before, after his death, I shall not interfere with his reincarnation process or control his soul in any way or by any means.”
“But if this changes your choice, I will not hesitate to break the promise I made. Kong Deming’s body is still there, and it is not difficult to resurrect him.”
“Brother Zhuzi, if you join the Immortal Empire, you will also ignite the divine fire and become a member of the gods.”
This time, it was Liu Tiezhu’s turn to be silent.
There was too much information in Qian Chaoguang’s words, and the impact on him was too great.
The living dead, flesh and bones.
This is no longer an exaggerated description for Qian Chaoguang!
Has this brother of mine, whom he has not seen for many years, really become an immortal god as advertised by the priests of the Eternal God?
Can it even help you become a god?
Liu Tiezhu asked somewhat dullly: “Chaoguang, have you really become a god? Just like what the priests and nuns said?”
“Yes, and it is far more powerful than the gods in Douluo Continent myths and legends.”
Qian Chaoguang replied.
“It’s not just me. Xiaotong has also become an Ice God and is in charge of the Far North. The Sword God Douluo Ji Juechen and Angel Douluo Ye Guyi who made a lot of noise in the past few years have actually also become…”
Liu Tiezhu has always been a good listener.
Qian Chaoguang rambled on about the current situation of the Immortal Empire, his future plans, his conflicts with the God Realm, and his blueprint for setting foot in the starry sky in the future.
And he just listened quietly.
The expression on his face changed from dull, to shocked, and finally to relieved.
“In that case, what are you still hesitating about? Take action quickly and kill me.”
Liu Tiezhu suddenly spoke and interrupted Qian Chaoguang, who was still trying to dissuade him, with a smile on his face.
“No, Brother Zhu, you.”
Upon hearing this, Qian Chaoguang suddenly felt his eyes darken, and all the words he had prepared were stuck in his throat.
He even revealed his future plans in order to try to bring back Tie Zhu, a stubborn bull, so that he would not seek death whenever he opened his mouth.
Why is he still so out of touch?
Liu Tiezhu sat down again and said seriously: “Chaoguang, I know you are doing it for my own good. With you as a brother and a close friend, my life, Tiezhu, has not been in vain.”
“I really want to see the blueprint you drew with my own eyes, and I even want to see you smash the shackles that have held Douluo Star for hundreds of thousands of years. But I can’t do it, I really can’t.”
“I was born in Mingdu and grew up in Mingdu.”
“I eat the wheat that grows vigorously on the outskirts of Mingdu, drink the rushing water of the Sun and Moon River, learn the knowledge from the Sun and Moon Royal Soul Engineer Academy, and live in the dormitory arranged for me by Mingde Hall.”
“The Immortal Empire is very good and beautiful. It will be a magnificent empire that is richer and more powerful than the Sun and Moon Empire and the Douluo Three Kingdoms.”
“Under your leadership, the people and spirit beasts on the mainland will set foot in the starry sky, break the control of the God Realm, and start a new journey to the vast sea of stars.”
“This is something I have never dreamed of. This kind of future that seems to be within reach is really wonderful.”
“I am very happy, my brother, you are about to become the first unified emperor in the history of Douluo Continent. You will definitely bring a new vitality and new vitality to this Douluo Continent!”
“But I’m really sorry. I am a native of Mingdu, and the Sun and Moon Empire is my motherland, Liu Tiezhu.”
“Even though it was once controlled by traitors and bandits, even though it was once regarded as a tool for revenge, even though it was once plunged into the quagmire of evil, even though it is so unsatisfactory now.”
“But so what?”
“No matter how miserable it is, this is still my hometown, my motherland, the place where I was born and raised, and the place I love!”
“Even if there is really no way to save it, I still hope that I will fall on the way to the charge, instead of just standing by and pretending that nothing happened.”
“So, Chaoguang, let’s do it.”
“If you let me go, what will the world think of you? What will your ministers think of you?”
“For me and for yourself.”
“I don’t want to become a stain on your history books that can’t be erased.”
As he spoke, Liu Tiezhu released his martial spirit.
That is the same silver moon as Kong Deming.
Two yellow, two purple, and five black, nine soul rings in optimal proportions appeared at his feet, and the dazzling silver moon continued to release its dazzling light.
Qian Chaoguang looked at Liu Tiezhu with some disbelief. A set of rough and mighty thick armor was constantly emerging from the opponent’s body.
The soul power aura that should have stagnated at the ninety-third level titled Douluo also surged upwards in an instant.
It wasn’t until he finally reached level ninety-eight that he finally stopped.
Liu Tiezhu smiled freely, holding a broad two-handed sword in his hand, his eyes full of pride:
“Look at my silver-moon battle armor. Is it much different from the battle armor of your Immortal Empire? This is my natal soul guide, a quasi-level ten soul guide! It’s made of soul-forged metal! Ruruo I can advance to Super Douluo and become a tenth-level soul master!”
Qian Chaoguang closed his eyes in pain: “Brother Zhuzhu, aren’t you afraid that after I destroy your body, I won’t let your soul reincarnate, and then resurrect you?”
Liu Tiezhu laughed loudly: “Of course I know you have this ability. You are the immortal god in charge of the underworld and death. If you don’t agree, no one can die. But I believe you are not that kind of person.”
Qian Chaoguang opened his eyes fiercely, his sharp gaze directed at the person in front of him: “What if. I have to keep you today?”
“Haha, I don’t believe it. If you really do that, you won’t be you anymore.”
Liu Tiezhu put the sword on his shoulder and threw a storage soul tool in his other hand.
Qian Chaoguang stretched out his hand to catch it.
He didn’t speak, and he didn’t release his spiritual consciousness to look in. He just waited quietly for the other party’s explanation.
“Maybe you don’t need it now, but all my works, as well as that notebook, are stored here. This time I entrust them all to you. Don’t return them after reading them. Leave them as a souvenir. .”
When his spiritual consciousness penetrated, he saw that the ancient, thick and huge hard-shell notebook was lying quietly on top of the large number of soul guides.
The paper has turned yellow, and the beautiful handwriting is arranged neatly, which is much more than before.
Qian Chaoguang’s soul shook violently, and there seemed to be a throbbing growing in his heart.
The four bottom-breaking technologies of the Immortal Empire were born because of Liu Tiezhu.
Now, will the unification of the Immortal Empire also end with Liu Tiezhu’s life?
He was silent and put away the storage soul guide together with the small alloy bench he had been sitting on.
Mercury-like metallic liquid flowed across the surface of his body, and the black gold battle armor filled with powerful pressure completely covered Qian Chaoguang.
With the Wushuang Knife in hand, eighteen neat golden halos appeared at the same time, and then integrated into Qian Chaoguang’s body one by one.
“call!”
A sound like a sudden flame appeared, and the sacred and majestic halo of the Dharma appeared behind him.
The powerful aura belonging to the god level was fully revealed at this moment.
This is the limit of what this planet can currently accommodate.
Even so, the surrounding space has a sense of fragility that is about to collapse and shatter.
If Liu Tiezhu is destined to die by his own hands, it is the greatest respect for him to go all out.
“Is this god-level power? It’s really powerful!”
Liu Tiezhu grinned widely, and the heavy sword in his hand suddenly burst out with overwhelming power.
Suddenly, the nine soul rings under his feet were in full bloom at the same time, and the blazing flames almost ignited him into a burning man.
Burning, burning regardless of anything.
The silver moon melted like a hot candle and merged with the suit of armor.
Martial spirit, bloodline, soul power, qi and blood, soul core.
Liu Tiezhu was extremely sublime in the last moment of his life, igniting everything except his soul just for this splendid ending.
The barrier of consciousness dissipated, and the tyrannical pressure that was no less than that of a Limit Douluo violently collided with Qian Chaoguang’s aura.
The muscles on Liu Tiezhu’s arms were used to the extreme at this moment, and the three-meter-long terrifying giant sword slashed across as fast as lightning.
Qian Chaoguang raised his sword and moved forward, his sharp sword intent reaching towards the sky.
Under the Doukai mask that covered his face, there were faint crystal tears sliding down.
In an instant, swords clashed.
The figures of the two people also crossed each other.
There was no earth-shattering explosion, nor was there an extremely terrifying confrontation.
Some are just two simple slashes.
There is no defense between the two, only offensive slashes.
Within a short distance, the two of them turned their heads at the same time.
Liu Tiezhu’s dark face had a smile on his face and he said softly: “I wish you good luck in martial arts in the future. The eldest brother will get off the carriage first.”
Before he finished the last word, Liu Tiezhu’s tall body suddenly collapsed.
The heavy sword in his hand also fell to the ground with a clang, and the originally gorgeous sword body was now dim.
Qian Chaoguang hugged Liu Tiezhu’s body fiercely, preventing him from falling to the ground.
There was a trace of smile on that face that had no breath of life even until death.
“Goodbye, Brother Zhuzi.”
Qian Chaoguang spoke softly, with an extremely rare tremor in his voice.
He slowly raised his hand and pointed at a certain location in the air.
It was just such a small movement, and he almost exhausted all his strength to complete it.
After all, he still didn’t keep Liu Tiezhu’s soul.
He just put a mark on it and sent him into the temple of the dead.
If we are destined, we will meet each other in the future.
If there is no fate, today will be farewell forever.
He did not want to go against Liu Tiezhu’s own wishes.
Silver light flashed, and a coffin appeared on the ground.
Qian Chaoguang gently picked up Liu Tiezhu’s body and put him inside.
The heavy sword was placed on the coffin lid and put away together.
After doing all this, Qian Chaoguang looked in the direction of the resistance army with wan interest, waved forward casually, and gave the order to attack.
In an instant, the entire army of the Undead Empire charged, as did the resistance.
Two armies with huge differences in size collided fiercely, right next to Qian Chaoguang.
This disparate battle started suddenly and ended even faster.
In less than ten minutes, all the rebels were killed, leaving only blood and corpses on the ground.
At this point, the battle to destroy the country that determined the fate of Douluo Continent finally came to an end.
Qian Chaoguang didn’t stay here too long.
After signing his name on the unconditional surrender of the Sun and Moon Empire left by Kong Deming, he returned to the Temple of Eternal Life.
Looking at Qian Chaoguang’s back, Huo Yutong hesitated to speak.
Electrolux walked up to him and whispered: “There is no need to persuade him, Chaoguang will adjust himself. It is really uncomfortable to be forced to take action against his former friends. He needs some alone time now.”
“Well, you’re right.”
Huo Yutong nodded and began to direct the takeover of Mingdu and the subsequent cleaning of the battlefield.
As for those high-ranking officials who tried to curry favor with them or tried to recommend themselves, she didn’t even care and just pushed them away with an ice ring.
Afan held the Qinglong Yanyue Sword, and with Dashan in his hand, the two of them immediately moved towards that station with their swords on the left and the right. Immediately, no one dared to come forward to seek trouble.
He was afraid that if these two tough men were unhappy, they would chop him down on the spot.
Brother Jiu looked at Lehe silently.
Just now, these morons surrounded him tightly, trying to elect him as the so-called representative, and wanted him to take the lead in going to Huo Yutong to discuss follow-up issues.
Can Brother Nine agree?
They all fought back on the spot.
No, they had no choice but to bite the bullet on their own, and then were frightened back by two door-god-like figures.
A former senior official of the Sun and Moon Empire couldn’t help but complain: “Brother Ninth, are you just going to watch us all make a fool of ourselves in front of the Empress of the Immortal Empire?”
Ninth Brother hugged his arms and nodded matter-of-factly: “Ah, what else?”
As soon as these words came out, the man’s next words were immediately choked back in his throat.
People around looked at each other, secretly wondering why this Ninth Brother seemed to be a different person, so disrespectful to others?
None of the smoothness of the past is gone.
Another former high-ranking official said: “Brother Ninth, what you said is wrong, isn’t it? If the Immortal Empire is unified, the Pixiu Chamber of Commerce will definitely be liquidated and suppressed in the future. Don’t look at them treating you well now. It’s not that they won’t retaliate. The time has not yet come. ! If we don’t hold the ball together, won’t we let them round it up and flatten it in the future?”
Brother Ninth glanced at him sideways: “Why does the Immortal Empire want to liquidate and suppress our Pixiu Chamber of Commerce? They are a bunch of fools.”
All the moths: “.”
Isn’t this Laojiu being replaced by someone else today?
Why are you acting like a fool?
In peaceful times, can the Immortal Empire allow a private business organization to take charge of the country’s economic lifeline?
Can you really not see it?
You still say that we are stupid, but who is the fool?
Just when they had different expressions and ulterior motives, A Fan suddenly came over and greeted inside:
“Lao Jiu, the hostess has called you to report on your work.”
“Okay, Brother Fan, come right now.”
Brother Jiu suddenly smiled and squeezed out from a group of petrified statues.
ah?
ah? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
No, what is going on?
Afan rolled his eyes and said: “You are a bunch of idiots. The Pixiu Chamber of Commerce was established by His Majesty. We are so full that we suppress our own people?”
This time, the borers were petrified even more completely, and they were all messed up in the wind.
The world will be divided if it is united for a long time, and it will unite if it is divided for a long time.
But many melon-eating people on Douluo Continent never expected that the meeting would be so quick and complete this time.
From the declaration of war to the end, the Immortal Empire took just eight months to occupy the entire Sun and Moon Empire and declare its official demise, creating the first unified dynasty in the history of Douluo Continent.
The once glorious Sun and Moon Empire once again ended its holy war.
Thousands of years ago, they lost their continental name after being defeated.
Now, defeated once again, they lost the entire country.
Fortunately, there is basically no difference in race and culture between the Sun Moon Empire and the Douluo Continent, and both sides use the same writing and language.
Under the rule of the Immortal Empire, the thousands of years of estrangement between the two sides will be eliminated at an extremely fast speed.
The two continents that were once incompatible with water and fire will merge with each other in the near future and become a truly upright family.
With the end of the Battle of Mingdu, the rule of the Xu family finally came to an end.
Ditian and other ferocious beasts were sent by Huo Yutong to conquer the evil forest left by the evil emperor, while the soul masters in Mingdu were wiped out by the Undead Empire.
There are some who choose to surrender, there are those who remain anonymous, and there are also those who return home angrily.
Not all those who do not choose to fight are willing to sacrifice their lives for the Immortal Empire. Many simply return to their respective families and stay behind closed doors.
Most of the reasons why they did not choose to join the resistance were simply because they had families behind them. They were not alone like those people and could die without any scruples.
I am happy to die, but what will happen to my family?
What about the whole family?
Most of the middle and low-level soul masters held this idea, which is why they did not join the resistance.
Many even chose to join the Undead Empire Research Department or the military outright because of this.
Most of these people are the breadwinners of their families.
If they fall, their family may have to live on the northwest wind in the future.
Among high-level soul engineers, very few choose to join the Immortal Empire.
Most of those who chose to join did so because they had no other source of income other than the salary they received from the Sun-Moon Empire, so they reluctantly agreed to join the Immortal Empire Research Department after being persuaded by Jing Hongchen and the others.
Even if it’s not much, it’s still a considerable force.
The number of ninth-level soul masters in the Immortal Empire jumped to eleven.
There are even more existences at level eight and level seven.
Xuan Ziwen was very satisfied with this.
The manpower is finally richer.
After just one month of training with the Undead Holy Fire, these people can become extremely good researchers.
It is worth mentioning that among this group of soul mentors who joined the Immortal Empire, there is another acquaintance who has dealt with Qian Chaoguang and other people who participated in the second competition.
Unbreakable Douluo – Zheng Zhan.
The referee who was there when they went to Mingdu for the second competition had shown favor to Shrek Academy.
Of course, after so many years, the one-sided relationship back then has already faded to almost nothing, so there won’t be any excessive preferential treatment.
At most, Huo Yutong asked Xuan Ziwen to take care of him more.
That’s all.
In addition to these ninth-level soul masters, the Sun and Moon Royal Soul Master Academy, the former official academy of the Sun and Moon Empire, is also controlled by the Undead Empire.
According to Qian Chaoguang’s plan, this college has the same treatment as “Xingluo National College”, “Douling Imperial College” and “Tianhun Royal College”.
The campus and on-campus facilities have been temporarily closed for renovation, and all students, faculty and staff have temporarily left campus pending further notification and re-testing.
Including Shrek Academy, the resources and teaching staff of all official colleges will be integrated together, and then the Imperial University will be established.
The original four national colleges and Shrek will become five colleges with different focuses.
Shrek Academy’s focus is naturally on cultivating new-age soul masters who use soul guides.
The focus of Sun Moon College is still on the research and development and production of soul guidance devices.
Among the three academies of Xingluo, Tianhun, and Douling, only Xingluo has decided to focus on the military aspect for the time being. The other two are temporarily idle, and there will always be opportunities to use them later.
At this point, with the start of the continent-wide carnival celebration organized by the Pixiu Chamber of Commerce, the Immortal Empire has completed its conquest of the entire Douluo Star, becoming the first and most likely the only unified state in the history of the Douluo Star. dynasty.
But this is just an appetizer.
The real challenge is yet to come.
The war with the God Realm is not far away.
(End of the Undead Empire volume)